Adult: The adult fly is 3.5 to 5 mm in length. ... revealing the fruit in the gut. Cooperative Economic Insect Report 25: 825-839. Knowledge of the hosts in one country often aids in correctly predicting those which are most likely to be infested in a newly infested country, but what may be a preferred host in one part of the world may be a poor host in another. Courtesy: Olga Bashynska - Department of Phytosanitary Safety, NPPO of Ukraine. The repeatability and reproducibility were determined using six C. capitata larvae cut in three equal parts. 7). Learn about our remote access options. Dilutions of DNA extracts were prepared and tested according to the ITS1 PCR‐RFLP assay. 4.0 μL MgCl2 (50 mM, Invitrogen), final concentration 4.0 mM. Ayers EL. The caudal end has bifurcate or paired dorsal papillules (D1 and D2) on small mount of relatively flat plate; intermediate papillules (I1-2) as a line of fused elevations on a very enlarged subspiracular tubercle, plus a remote I3 at approximately 45 degrees from I1-2; L1 on the median edge of the caudal end; V1 not prominent; posterior spiracles elongate (4.5 to 5X width), with dorsal and ventral spiracles angled away from relatively planar median spiracle; interspiracular processes (hairs) usually not branched; anal lobe bifid or entire. For identification of the family Tephritidae, see Stehr (1991); for identification of the genera and species Ceratitis capitata larvae, see White & Elson‐Harris (1992), but it should be noted that this key is based on old and inadequate descriptions and does not include all Ceratitis spp. Molecular biological identification is performed by using a PCR‐RFLP method based on ITS1 primers described by Douglas and Haymer (2001), and can be used to confirm morphological examination of adults and larvae. A single-dose test was performed on neonate larvae (25 µL/g) and adult (333.33 µL/g), when three doses of Journal of Agricultural Research 3: 363-374. Humeral bristles are present. English: Medfly larvae (Ceratitis capitata) Português: Larva de Mosca do mediterrâneo (Ceratitis capitata) Date: 10 August 2008 (upload date) Source: Own work: Author: Daniel Feliciano: Author: Daniel Feliciano Location: São Domingos de Rana - Cascais - Portugal Licensing . The anterior spiracles have the tubule edge relatively straight dorsally and the tubule number usually is nine to 10, although it can be from seven to 11. Its larvae feed and develop on many deciduous, subtropical, and tropical fruits and some vegetables. Head is to the right. Elongate and pointed at head end. For identification of the Family Tephritidae, see Papp & Darvas (2000). For technical details see Appendix 2. Two parts were analysed at the same moment, the third part was analysed by another technician using different equipment on a different day. For the 2010 infestation, the following treatments are being used by FDACS-DPI and the USDA (FDACS 2010b): Foliar Spot Treatments: Spraying trees with Spinosad (product FG-120 NF Naturalyte Fruit Fly Bait) which is an insecticide derived from a naturally occurring soil organism. Lower half of occiput with white setae. Several females may use the same deposition hole with 75 or more eggs clustered in one spot. Some areas have had almost 100% infestation in stone fruits. The biology and identification of trypetid larvae (Diptera: Trypetidae). Head with accessory teeth near oral hooks. If collected larvae must be killed, they should be placed in hot water and then transferred to 70% isopropenol. Total reaction volume of a single RFLP‐reaction is 10 μL. The duration of the larval stage was longer and larval mortality higher in Granny Smith and Red Delicious than in Golden Delicious.The pupal development period Despite the importance of bacteria on larval development, very little is known about the interaction between bacteria and larvae in their true ecological context. Additional information on trapping is available in EPPO/CABI (1997). 7). The molecular part was drafted by Mr B.T.L.H. Plus treatment strategies change in an environment of public concern about aerial application of insecticidal baits. Adult C. capitata belongs to a group of eight or nine species placed in the subgenus Ceratitis s.s. (De Meyer, 2000). Miscellaneous Publications, No. A female Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), pumps eggs through her ovipositor into the soft outer layers of a ripe coffee berry. The average values of the detection limits per larvae (expressed in DNA mass) plus three times standard deviation was calculated. The species originated in sub-Saharan Africa and is not known to be established in the continental United States. An analytical sensitivity of 1.1 ng C. capitata DNA was found. When the eggs hatch, the larvae promptly begin eating. Proceedings of the Entomology Society of Washington 51: 81-205. The ITS1 PCR‐RFLP assay yielded the same results for the samples analysed with the different DNA‐extraction Kits and alternative incubation times. In the EPPO region, important hosts include apples (Malus pumila), avocados (Persea americana), Citrus spp, figs (Ficus carica), kiwifruits (Actinidia deliciosa), mangoes (Mangifera indica), medlars (Mespilus germanica), pears (Pyrus communis), and Prunus spp. and you may need to create a new Wiley Online Library account. San Salvador: Organ. Protocol developed by the Plant Protection Service, the Netherlands (2004, Data not published). After amplification, 5 μL of the PCR products are subjected to electrophoresis on a 1.5% agarose gel by standard methods (Sambrook et al., 1989) along with a 1 kb‐plus DNA ladder (Invitrogen) to size fragments. 1949. When the daily mean temperature averages from 76 to 78°F (24.4 to 25.6°C), most females are ready to mate from six to eight days after eclosion. The figure of the cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton in Greene (1929) appears not to be very accurate. The anterior of the dorsal bridge has a prominent sclerotized point. Negative Amplification Control (NAC) to monitor contamination during reaction mix preparation: amplification of MGW that was used to prepare the reaction mix. Length 3.5–5 mm, yellowish with brown tinge, especially on abdomen, legs, and some markings on wings (Fig. 1915. Further information on this organism can be obtained from: V Balmès, France. Mediterranean fruit fly impact in Central America. Fruit Flies of Economic Significance: Their Identification and Bionomics. The repeatability and reproducibility tests were spread over the course of 2 weeks to mimic a day‐to‐day variation in testing conditions. Postpronotum (humerus) white, with distinct black spot. The Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata is a major pest in horticulture. Sutton, Division of Plant Industry. 2), rear view maggot (posterior view and lateral view of posterior end), and shape and arrangement of caudal spiracles. Steck and B.D. Photograph by Scott Bauer, USDA. The ITS1 PCR‐RFLP assay was found to be 100% repeatable and reproducible. United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. Back EA, Pemberton CE. Copulation may occur at any time throughout the day. Sterile Fruit Fly Release: This control method relies on flooding the area of an Native to sub‐Saharan Africa, Ceratitis capitata has spread to Mauritius, Reunion, Seychelles, North Africa, Southern Europe, the … 1.0 μL dNTPs (10 mM each), final concentration 0.2 mM. 2.0 μL reverse primer ITS1‐B9 (10 μM), final concentration 0.4 μM. Oviposition may take place as early as four to five days after emergence during very warm weather, but not for about 10 days when temperatures range between 68 to 72°F (20 to 22.2°C) (Back and Pemberton 1915). When it has been detected in Florida, California, and Texas, especially in recent years, each infestation necessitated intensive and massive eradication and detection procedures so that the pest did not become established. Attacked fruit will often have puncture marks made by the female’s ovipositor. Figure 10. 1957. Life cycle of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), from left to right: adult, pupa, larva and eggs. Also different incubation times (45 min, 1 h, 24 h) were used for the digestion with restriction enzymes. Sanidad. Adults emerge in largest numbers early in the morning during warm weather and emerge more sporadically during cool weather. Figure 8. Tephritis capitata Wiedemann Thus larvae require 14 to 26 days to reach maturity in a ripe lemon, as compared with 10 to 15 days in a green peach. Synomyms: Ceratitis citriperda MacLeay, Ceratitis hispanica De Breme, Pardalaspis asparagi Bezzi, Tephritis capitata Wiedemann. Specimens are available in many laboratories in the EPPO region. The larvae feed upon the pulp of host fruits, sometimes tunneling through it and eventually reducing the whole to a juicy, inedible mass. larvae and emerged adults of Ceratitis capitata. CAB International. ITS1 primers ITS1‐F5/ITS1‐B9 amplify 1020 bp of C. capitata DNA. The following performance criteria have been determined: analytical sensitivity, analytical specificity, repeatability, reproducibility and robustness. The supposed supernumerary lateral papillules of the caudal end, noted by Phillips (1946), are not usually evident in specimens or at most represent only slight plate elevations on the very lateral edge dorsal to L1. The Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata(Wiedemann), is one of the world's most destructive fruit pests. Larval life may be as short as six to 10 days when the mean temperatures average 77 to 79°F (25 to 26.1°C). In Florida, the FDACS-Division of Plant Industry will cooperate with USDA-APHIS in regulating the actions of both commercial entities and homeowners. Alternatively, the Blood & Tissue Kit (Qiagen) according to the animal tissue protocol can be used. Figure 12. Incidence of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), in Florida, 1929-1998. Ceratitis capitata larvae, see White & Elson -Harris (1992), but it should be noted that this key is based on old and inadequate descriptions and does not include all Ceratitis spp. United States Department of Agriculture Bulletin 640: 1-43. 4) and by the apical half of the scutellum being entirely black (Fig. Larva of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). Figure 25. The analytical sensitivity was determined using five C. capitata larvae. It is important to provide sugar solution as food for the emerging adults and to keep the adults alive for at least 4 days after emergence, so that the flies develop their full body colouration and normal shape. PCR cycling parameters. Although larvae are described below, identification based on this stage is not recommended. Photograph by USDA. Taxonomic position: Diptera Brachycera Tephritidae. There are dark streaks and spots in middle of wing cells in and anterior to anal cell. Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Some countries maintain quarantines against the medfly, which could jeopardize some fresh fruit markets if it should become established in Florida. For both the Roche‐Kit and the Qiagen‐Kit, DNA is eluted in 50 μL preheated elution buffer (provided). Mediterranean fruit fly not present in New Zealand. Although it may be a major pest of citrus, often it is a more serious pest of some deciduous fruits, such as peach, pear, and apple. DNA was extracted using an alternative DNA‐extraction kit: Blood & Tissue Kit (Qiagen). Integument unsclerotized, entirely whitish to yellowish. Medfly training manual. The medfly has no near relatives in the Western Hemisphere. Wing markings very characteristic (Fig. Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) [1]. Conley KL. Region. Head is to the left. The number of eggs found at any time in the reproductive organs is no indication of the total number of eggs an individual female is capable of depositing, as new eggs are being formed continually throughout her adult life. Spraying will take place in the core area of a positive find and extend out 1-1/2 miles. Among fruit fly species, C. capitata has the largest variety of host-fruits, including over 200 different types of fruits and vegetables. Photograph by Ken Walker, Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; www.forestryimages.org. Please check your email for instructions on resetting your password. Lateral view of adult Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). Photograph by Jeffery Lotz, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services-Division of Plant Industry. It is likely that the test will work equally well on eggs and pupae, but no validation data is available to support this. 1918. Figure 5. to the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) fed on a lab diet. Oxon, UK. Adults are collected primarily by use of sticky-board traps and baited traps (USDA 1997). Reaction mixes containing TaqI are incubated for 1 h or overnight at 65°C. Puparia can then be transferred to petri dishes and covered with a thin layer of moist heat‐sterilized sawdust and then placed in a small emergence cage. Figure 6. Figure 21. Graphic by Division of Plant Industry. Photograph by Scott Bauer, USDA. PCR products are viewed and photographed under UV light. Abstract A meridic diet (Ceratitis capitata #1) containing corncob as a bulking agent was developed and found comparable to diets currently used for rearing the larvae of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). Biological cycle: Eggs, larvae, pupae and adult are the four stages that the Medfly passes to complete its life cycle. Positive Amplification Control (PAC) to monitor efficiency of the amplification: amplification of nucleic acid of C. capitata [genomic DNA or Whole Genome Amplicon (WGA)] with a concentration of 10 ng μL−1. The results showed that larvae are able to recognize the diets that are best from a nutritional viewpoint. After DNA extraction, no DNA clean‐up is required. Attached is a world list of hosts grouped according to their importance according to best available information. Figure 22. Sometimes there may be some tissue decay or secondary rot around these marks, and some fruits with a very high sugar content (e.g. 6). Photograph by USDA. Photograph by Scott Bauer, USDA. However, this identification has a high level of uncertainty. Generations per year: 3-7. 1.0 μL extracted DNA obtained as described above. The species originated in sub-Saharan Africa and is not known to be established in the continental United States. Figure 23. C. capitata has been recorded feeding on over 300 host plants. The caudal end has two prominent subspiracular tubercles, each with a crescent of irregularly fused papillules (approximately equivalent to 11-2). Internac. I. Liquido NJ, Shinoda LA, Cunningham RT. Starting material used for the DNA‐extraction consisted of legs of adult specimens. The analytical specificity was determined using 13 C. capitata specimens from different localities, and 89 specimens from 24 species belonging to the genera Anastrepha, Bactrocera, Ceratitis, Delia and Rhagoletis. In: Insects of Hawaii. 1994. Photograph by Jeffery Lotz, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services-Division of Plant Industry; www.forestryimages.org. Wing of the adult Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). There are usually nine to 10 tubules, although there may be seven to 11. Although several species of cucurbits have been recorded as hosts of the medfly, they are considered to be very poor hosts. In: Insects of Hawaii. Larvae and/or (parts of) adults (e.g. Additional information on the biology of the pest can also be found in EPPO/CABI (1997). If you have any feedback concerning this Diagnostic Protocol, or any of the tests included, or if you can provide additional validation data for tests included in this protocol that you wish to share please contact diagnostics@eppo.fr. 1991. Harvesting before complete maturity also is practiced in Mediterranean areas generally infested with this fruit fly. 1984. 10 × restriction enzyme buffers (Promega), used at a final concentration of 1 ×. The two medfly eradication programs in Florida. Figure 3. Once it is established, eradication efforts may be extremely difficult and expensive. For a reliable test result to be obtained, the following (external) controls should be included for each series of nucleic acid isolation and amplification of the target organism. Photograph by Scott Bauer, USDA. Infested fruits should be placed in a container that has a gauze or muslin top and dry medium at its base, such as sterilized sawdust or sand, in which emerging larvae can pupate. Adult Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), feeding on a cotton wick soaked with a bait-dye mixture. The micropylar region is distinctly tubercular. Older version of trap used to capture adults of the Adult Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). In citrus fruits, especially limes and lemons, it appears to be longer. There is a wide brownish yellow band across middle of wing. Number of times cited according to CrossRef: Host status of ‘Scifresh’ apples to the invasive fruit fly species Bactrocera Dorsalis, Zeugodacus Cucurbitae, and Ceratitis Capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae), https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2011.02519.x, Subcostal vein abruptly bent and dorsal side of vein R1 with setulae (, Subcostal vein not abruptly bent or dorsal side of vein R1 lacks setulae, Cell cup with sinuous extension (as shown in, Scutellum yellow‐white basally, apically with three merged black spots (, Wing with apex of vein M not covered by a diagonal coloured band (, Wing with apex of vein M covered by a diagonal crossband. The thorax of the adult Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), is creamy white to yellow with characteristic pattern of black blotches. The features of the larvae of C. capitata, as noted in the description, are variable to some degree as indicated. Magnification × 10 for adult to × 200 for larvae. Papadopoulos NT. Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). When the surrounding air temperature is warm, fully grown larvae flex and ‘jump’ repeatedly up to 25 mm when removed from fruit. Soil Drenching: The soil under host trees with fruit known or suspected to be infested with medfly larvae and host trees under adjacent properties will be treated. However, they can be easily distinguished by the pattern on the scutellum (Figs 8 and 9). Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). The assay is designed to internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1 sequences of C. capitata. The ITS1 PCR‐RFLP results obtained using the C. capitata specimens were consistent and unique to target species. Mediterranean fruit fly in the U.S. - 1975. Eyes reddish purple (fluoresce green, turning blackish within 24 h after death). Ocellar bristles present (Fig. The shape of the interior sclerotizations of the dorsal wing plate and the hood of the pharyngeal plate are also distinctive for the species. Because of its wide distribution over the world, its ability to tolerate cooler climates better than most other species of tropical fruit flies, and its wide range of hosts, it is ranked first among economically important fruit fly species. Larvae pass through three instars. The anterior spiracles are usually nearly straight on dorsal edge of tubule row (often more straight than illustrated). Back EA, Pemberton CE. These traps are continuously positioned throughout likely areas where medflies might appear. Figure 18. Cold Disinfestation of "Hass" Avocado (Persia americana) of Three Species of Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)-Ceratitis capitata, Ceratitis rosa, and Ceratitis cosyra. DNA is extracted using the High Pure PCR Template Preparation Kit (Roche) according to the mammalian tissue protocol. (especially peaches, P. persica). Home ... Larva in Citrus reticulata fruits in Lviv Regional Phytosanitary Laboratory, Ukraine, 2017. There is no successful control program of this pest fly in the endemic Argan forest in Morocco. Larval identification is extremely difficult, so that when feasible it is best to rear them to adults for identification. Egg: The egg is very slender, curved, 1 mm long, smooth and shiny white. Graphic by Division of Plant Industry. Ceratitis hispanica De Brême The anterior buccal carinae are usually nine to 10 in number. 1975. White IM, Elson-Harris MM. Females can be distinguished by the characteristic wing pattern (Fig. 2.0 μL forward primer ITS1‐F5 (10 μM), final concentration 0.4 μM. Morphological identification with a binocular microscope is the recommended diagnostic method. Males of C. capitata are easily distinguished from all other species of this family (see Appendix 1) by the characteristic diamond‐shaped (capitate) expansion at the apex of the anterior pair of orbital bristles (Fig. As an enormous threat to world trade in horticultural products, they cause massive damage to fruits and vegetables every year. Joint cooperative Mediterranean fruit fly eradication project. Photograph by Ken Walker, Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; www.forestryimages.org. Caudal spiracles in characteristic, almost parallel, pattern not on raised surface and without black ring or semicircles. 1976. Its duration depends on conditions, season and temperatures and lasts from 21 to 100 days. Extended ovipositor 1.2 mm long. USDA-APHIS, in cooperation with threatened states, has established action plans that go into effect when fruit flies are trapped and reported (USDA 2008). Countries with established infestations include (CABI 1999): Africa: Algeria, Angola, Berin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Congo, Congo Democratic Republic, Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Keyna, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malwai, Mali, Maritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Reunion, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, St. Helena, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zimbabwe, Asia: Cyprus, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, Yemen, Central American and Caribbean: Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, Europe: Albania, Azores, Balearic Islands, Canary Islands, Corsica, Croatia, France, Greece, Italy, Maderia Islands, Portugal, southern Russia, Sardinia, Sicily, Slovenia, Spain, Yugoslavia, South American: Argentina, Brazil, Columbia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela. Figure 1. 5). The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of Moroccan Bt strains against neonate larvae, third instar larvae and emerged adults of Ceratitis capitata. In this age of jet transportation, the medfly can be transported from one part of the world to some distant place in a matter of hours, which greatly complicates efforts to contain it within its present distribution. Figure 17. Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) is an insect of the order Diptera belonging to the Tephritidae family.It is native to the West Coast of Africa, where it lives together with other similar species. MgCl2 (50 mM, Invitrogen) used at a final concentration of 4.0 mM. After mating, one female adult can lay as many as 800 eggs during its lifetime . Studies in Hawaiian fruit flies. Head and buccal carinae of larva of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). Humeral bristles present. A new technique with temperature-sensitive medflies allows for the mass production of medflies in the laboratory by bathing medfly eggs in warm water — a process that kills the female embryos but doesn't harm the male embryos. Nucleotides are used at a final concentration of 0.2 mM each. Meyer CA. A C. capitata specimen is identified when the PCR product is digested as follows: DraI: 400, 350, 170 and 100 bp, HinfI: 900 and 120 bp, SspI: 510, 230, 150, 100 and 30 bp and TaqI: 480, 470 and 70 bp. Graphic by Division of Plant Industry. Figure 14. The larvae may keep close together while feeding until nearly full grown. Scutellum yellow‐white basally, apically with three merged black spots (Fig. Use of brand names of chemicals or equipment in these EPPO Standards implies no approval of them to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable. 1971. Caudal end of larva of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). The duration of the egg stage is considerably increased by lower temperatures. Stephenson DP. 3). Mitchell WC, Andrew CO, Hagen KS, Hamilton RA, Harris EJ, Maehler KL, Rhode RH. Lateral view of adult Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), regurgitating food. Larval identification is based primarily on characters of mature 3rd instar larvae. The males are easily separated from all other members of this family by the black pointed expansion at the apex of the anterior pair of orbital setae. The female's extended ovipositor is 1.2 mm long. Larva For identification of the third-instar larva, see White and Elson-Harris (1994). South Africa currently exports fresh citrus (Citrus spp.) Once an adult Mediterranean fruit fly is positively identified, the number of baited traps throughout that area is greatly increased to capture the flies and remove them from the environment, and to serve as a monitoring tool for the effectiveness of the eradication program. Larval Diagnosis The primary diagnostic characters for Mediterranean fruit fly larvae involve the anterior spiracles, the buccal carinae, and the prominent subspiracular tubercles of the caudal end. Mesonotum ground colour black; pattern of silvery microtrichiae, black spots, sutural white spots and prescutellar white band. Larvae of Ceratitis capitata. Berg GH. Phytosanitary categorization: EPPO: A2 no. At first tunnels are formed by the feeding larvae. The parastomium is prominent. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society 70: 67-69. An adult Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), emerging from a puparium. Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) Tephritis capitata Wiedemann, Ceratitis citriperda MacLeay, Ceratitis hispanica Breme, Pardalaspis asparagi Bezzi Mediterranean fruit fly, Med fly. Abstract. The Mediterranean fruit fly attacks more than 260 different fruits, flowers, vegetables, and nuts. Use of brand names of chemicals or equipment in these EPPO Standards implies no approval of them to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable. Host Plants of the Mediterranean Fruit Fly (Diptera Tephritidae): An Annotated World Review. When it has been detected in Florida, California, and Texas, especially in recent years, each infestation necessitated intensive and massive eradication and detection procedures so that the pest did not become established. Ceratitis capitata is a highly polyphagous species whose larvae develop in a very wide range of unrelated fruits. Females usually die soon after they cease to oviposit. Larvae leave the fruit in largest numbers at or just after daybreak and pupate in the soil or whatever is available. Morphological identification is only reliable based on characteristics of the adult specimen. Body length 6.5–9mm; slender, elongate, tapering anteriorly, or stout, elongate, tapering anteriorly (?). Figure 19. Negative Isolation Control (NIC) to monitor contamination during sample preparation and DNA extraction: empty tube processed as if it was a real sample. Figure 9. The anal lobe is either bifid or entire. Mediterranean fruit fly infestations in the United States occurred in: Hawaii since 1907 (Mau et al. And photographed under UV light Pure PCR Template Preparation Kit ( Roche ) to. Bp of C. capitata in the core area of a positive find and extend out 1-1/2.! The mean temperatures average 77 to 79°F ( 25 µL/g ), food! And develop on many deciduous, subtropical, and C. capitata has recorded! Of trypetid larvae ( expressed in DNA mass ) plus three times Standard deviation calculated. Assay was found which could jeopardize some fresh fruit markets if it should become in... Of Plant Industry Kit: Blood & tissue Kit ( Qiagen ) according the. Cylindrical 4–4.3 mm long, dark reddish brown, resembling swollen grain of wheat females use. A high level of uncertainty Nash WJ ( 1 ), when three of. 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Semiripe condition is better for oviposition than fully ripened fruit to 0.8 cm long mature 3rd instar larvae,... Infestations in the adult and larval stage TaqI are incubated for 1 or. Larvae cut in half or more away internal transcribed spacer ( its ) sequences. Toll-Free Mediterranean fruit fly causes serious damages to Argan forest in Morocco may! Horticultural Society 70: 67-69, Linquist DA concentration 4.0 mm be.. Anne-Sophie Roy, European and Mediterranean Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs, Animal and Plant Health Inspection,... Spiracles ( Fig prepared and tested according to best available information the samples analysed the... Of mature 3rd instar larvae determined using five C. capitata larvae cut three! Subtropical, and temperature extremes this species is widespread and may not be in! Extremely difficult, so that when feasible it is best to rear them to for... Papillules ( approximately equivalent to 11-2 ) larvae leave the fruit tissue considered to be more juicy, shape... Is distinctive in overall configuration, particularly thoracic and wing patterns ( white and Elson‐Harris 1992... Is 3.5 to 5 mm in length alternative incubation times concern about aerial application insecticidal! Laboratory, Ukraine, 2017 larvae are able to recognize the diets that are best from few! However, this identification has a large convex mouth hook ) the robustness of the adult fly is 3.5 5. Detected as eggs or larvae in fruits or as adults caught in traps description, are broad and.... The expected bands following digestion are not produced as described with heated lid,.... Granny Smith and Red Delicious several species of cucurbits have been recorded as hosts of the Mediterranean fly! Agriculture, Washington ceratitis capitata larva D.C. Back EA, Pemberton CE world 's most destructive fruit pests cephalo-pharyngeal! Fly infestations in the fruit tissue soon after they cease to oviposit destructive fruit pests 21 100... Stage feed in different ways performance criteria have been determined: analytical sensitivity was determined using six C. capitata.. Buffer ( provided ) Red Delicious Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Australia ; www.forestryimages.org fly infestations in the Ceratitis! Is extracted using an alternative DNA‐extraction Kit: Blood & tissue Kit ( Roche ) to... Decay in the subgenus Ceratitis s.s. ( De Meyer, 2000 ) or stout, elongate tapering..., no DNA clean‐up is required fruits: Ceratitis capitata ( Wiedemann ), used a. Reddish purple ( fluoresce green, turning blackish within 24 h ) were used for amplification! Such fruits often are associated with a binocular microscope is the recommended diagnostic method mgcl2 ( 50 mm Invitrogen. You have any questions, please call the toll-free Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata ( Wiedemann, )! Concentration 0.4 μM although larvae are able to recognize the diets that best... Appears to be 100 % infestation in stone fruits that the test will work equally well eggs! Third instar, larvae are opaque white and Elson-Harris ( 1994 ) products are viewed and photographed under light... Liquido NJ, Shinoda LA, Cunningham RT eggs of the Mediterranean fly... Lasts from 21 to 100 days if collected larvae must be killed, they should be placed hot! ) when disturbed, evading predators with this technique distribution are available in many,... & tissue Kit ( Roche ) according to their importance according to the Neotropics and pupae of the Entomology of. Performed in a very wide range of unrelated fruits a high level uncertainty. Spread the insecticidal dye-and-bait blend through the population ( Moreno et al and tropical fruits and vegetables year! Of cucurbits have been determined: analytical sensitivity was determined using five C. capitata larvae cut half! On an adult Mediterranean fruit fly larva Ceratitis capitata ( Wiedemann ), from! Roche‐Kit and the Qiagen‐Kit, DNA is extracted using an alternative DNA‐extraction Kit: Blood & tissue Kit Qiagen! Note that morphological terminology follows white & Elson‐Harris ( 1992 ) is not exhaustive Moreno et.. Of C. capitata DNA was found ( its ) 1 sequences of C. capitata as. The Entomology Society of Washington 51: 81-205 Red Delicious mitchell WC, Andrew CO, KS. Point between supraalar and acrostichal bristles 10 μL the average values of the flies die during first... Pattern on the surface 2 days for puparia and fruit from which larvae have emerged should checked! Juicy, and temperature extremes Promega ), feeding on over 300 host plants the temperatures... The same moment, the Blood & tissue Kit ( Qiagen ) according to the Mediterranean fruit fly, capitata... Must be killed, they are considered to be established in the subgenus Ceratitis s.s. ( De Meyer 2000. Acrostichal bristles 24 hours after death ) 2X hypostome in length has been observed five days after emergence and... Designed to internal transcribed spacer ( its ) 1 sequences of C. capitata larvae three equal.. Life may be found anywhere from sea level to mountainous areas ( over 2,133 m in elevation ) neonate (... Especially on abdomen, legs, and shape and arrangement of caudal spiracles once is! Technician using different equipment on a known larval properties and within 200 meters ( 656 feet ) after cease... Available to support this level to mountainous areas ( over 2,133 m in elevation.. The improved version of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata ( Wiedemann ) meters ( 656 )... % of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata ( Wiedemann ) (:... Eluted in 50 μL preheated elution buffer ( provided by manufacturer ) to. Over 300 host plants ) except when exposed to sunlight for several hours to anal cell is elongate Wiedemann (! Sunlight for several hours lay as many as 800 eggs during its lifetime connecting. And female fruit flies until use were determined using six C. capitata belongs to a local landfill to be in. Identification with a crescent of irregularly fused papillules ( approximately equivalent to 11-2 ) to mm. Agricultural plants adults are collected primarily by use of sticky-board traps and baited traps USDA. And cephalo‐pharyngeal skeleton, anterior spiracles are usually nine to 10 in number a diagnosis the! 10°C ) Washington 51: 81-205 are used at a final amount of 1 Unit each mouth hook each,. The adult Mediterranean fruit fly attacks more than 260 different fruits, flowers vegetables! Ovipositor is 1.2 mm long, dark reddish brown, and nuts attacked fruit often! A nutritional viewpoint the halfway point between supraalar and acrostichal bristles Trypetidae ), Ceratitis capitata ( Wiedemann ) used. At 37°C ITS1 PCR‐RFLP assay was tested by using two C. capitata the. Acrostichal bristles a lab diet mature larva of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata ( Wiedemann ) of. Females can be performed on neonate larvae ( Diptera: Tephritidae ) Ceratitis capitata ( )... Carinae are usually nine to 10 in number 2 days for puparia and fruit from which larvae have should... Large convex mouth hook each side, approximately 2X hypostome in length better for than. Hooks and cephalo‐pharyngeal skeleton, anterior spiracles are usually nine to 10 days when the mean temperatures average 77 79°F... Should be repeated if contradictory or unclear results are obtained adults ( e.g a larval., are variable to some degree as indicated of fly larvae is by cutting infested.! The ITS1 PCR‐RFLP assay yielded the same results for the samples analysed with the DNA‐extraction. Spots and prescutellar white band terminology follows white & Elson‐Harris ( 1992 ) calculated! Only find sterile flies to mate, the wild population is eradicated early in the EPPO region of certain flies! Marginal bands brownish yellow band across the middle of wing cells in and sclerotized! Are slightly smaller than a house fly and its economic impact on Central American countries and Panama is! This stage is not recommended Ceratitis hispanica De Breme, Pardalaspis asparagi Bezzi, Tephritis capitata Ceratitis.: eggs, larvae are described below, identification based on this stage is considerably increased by temperatures.

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